This chapter explores 3D printing of X3D models.

Reference: Reese, Cody M., Remote Collaborative 3D Printing - Process Investigation, Technical Report TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-EX-1601, NAVFAC Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center (EXWC), Port Hueneme California, April 2016. From the abstract: "The intent of the project was to investigate the end-to-end process of transferring, receiving, manipulating, and printing a digital 3D model into an additively manufactured component. Several digital models were exchanged, and the steps, barriers, workarounds, and results have been documented." Numerous X3D examples, conclusions and recommendations are included.

• Caffeine Pub Chem 2519 Sticks Color
• Cleat Clamp
• Metadata Root Node Test
• Rocktopus
• Uav Beehive

This chapter illustrates interesting examples and design patterns for adding animation to X3D scenes.

The X3D-Edit open-source authoring tool helped create these animation examples. Additional scenes produced by other authoring and conversion tools are also included.

• Box Switch
• Cube With Labeled Sides Viewpoint Sequencer
• Origami Cranes
• Pong Game
• Rotation Calculator Example
• Viewpoint Sequencer Prototype
• Visible Shapes Test

This chapter illustrates example scenes for generating and acoustically propagating audio as spatial sound.

These examples are based on initial implementation efforts at Spatial Sound in X3DOM with Web Audio API, extracting and validating the X3D models which are contained in those HTML pages. They implement the Working Draft X3D4 Sound Component.

Of additional interest are corresponding paper and tutorial given at the twenty-fifth anniversary Web3D 2020 Conference.

• All Audio Graph Nodes Test
• Filters
• Inline Sound Source
• Single Audio
• Spatial Audio Camera Animation
• Split Channels

• Arch
• Arch Filled
• Arch Half
• Arch Half Extension
• Arch Half Filled
• Arch Prototype
• Catalan Arches
• Etabs Building Frame
• Intrados Only
• Lintel

This chapter shows a series of conversion, export and import example scenes illustrating the use of various tools. Open-source contributions are welcome.

Recommended changes to tool exporters include BlenderConversionIssues.txt, NetfabbConversionIssues.txt and OpenJSCadConversionIssues.txt

• Blender Default Box
• Blender Fish Head
• Blender Monkey Suzanne
• Netfabb Fish Head Corrected
• Netfabb Fish Head Exported
• Netfabb Tetrahedron Corrected
• Netfabb Tetrahedron Exported
• Netfabb Tetrahedron Original
• Open JSCad Logo
• Spri Fish Head Original
• Spri Step AS 1 PE 203

• Axis Lines RGB
• Capsule Comparison
• Capsule Generator
• Catenary
• Cube With Labeled Sides
• Cylinder Indexed Face Set
• Dodecahedron
• Extrusion Edge Cases
• Extrusion Examples Test
• Hemisphere
• Icosahedron
• Icosahedron Subdivision Level 1
• Icosahedron Subdivision Level 2
• Icosahedron Subdivision Level 3
• Icosahedron Subdivision Level 4
• Icosahedron Subdivision Level 5
• Mobius Extrusion
• Octahedron
• Olympic Rings
• Olympic Rings Blender
• Parallelepiped Examples
• Parallelepiped Prototype
• Rounded Rectangle 2D
• Rounded Rectangle Comparison
• Rounded Rectangle Primitives
• Sphere With Three Circumference Rings
• Stair Step Prototype
• Teapot
• Teapots
• Tetrahedron
• Triangle Black Lines
• Triangle With Numbers

• Alpha Blend Mode Test
• Antique Camera
• Attenuation Test
• Damaged Helmet
• Dragon Attenuation
• Glam Velvet Sofa
• Lantern
• Suzanne
• Toy Car
• Transmission Test
• Two Cylinder Engine
• Water Bottle

This chapter holds a collection of interesting variations on the original HelloWorld.x3d reference scene using many different languages, thus testing foreign-language support by HTML browsers and X3D players. The Hello World scene itself was inspired as a basic test that follows a common pattern, demonstrating the simplest possible way to say "Hello World" in a given programming language. You might know that there are many such programs for many different programming languages. VRML and X3D are both illustrated on the Hello World Wikipedia page as part of several hundred programming languages.

X3D scene models typically use the UTF-8 character encoding which is capable of representing all possible characters used in human languages. Of further interest is Internationalization (I18N) and Localization (L10N) on the Web, which is the use of different languages in documents. Lots of work is ongoing as part of the W3C Internationalization (i18n) Activity. XML provides excellent I18N support for the Web. The X3D Text component allows authors to specify the use of numerous different language encodings, along with corresponding justify field for vertical and horizontal line alignment ("FIRST" "BEGIN" "MIDDLE" "END"), of text directions for horizontal/vertical, leftToRight/right-to-left and topToBottom/bottom-to-top, font family ("SANS" "SERIF" "TYPEWRITER" or other), font style (PLAIN BOLD ITALIC BOLDITALIC), etc. Thus the X3D Graphics International Standard also provides excellent I18N support for any human language on the Web.

Call for contributions! If you are interested in contributing a Hello World scene scene for your country or location, that is great. Please post it to the x3d-public@web3d.org mailing list or else contact us directly. Have fun with X3D!

• Hello Costa Rica
• Hello Germany
• Hello Seoul
• Hello Taiwan
• Hello World
• Hello World Commented
• Hello World Minimal
• Hello World X3D 4

This chapter will hold a collection of interesting scenes that (hopefully) provide motivation and inspiration.

• Oblique Strategies

The Matlab toolkit from Mathworks includes numerous mathematical and scientific packages. Simulink can be used for animation visualization using VRML models, which are easily created from X3D. X3D models can be converted to VRML for use with Simulink and other Matlab tools.

Web3D 2015 conference resources: Simulink demo, poster paper, Fast Forward slides (.pdf) and video.

• Bouncing Box Simulink
• Phased Array Beam Example

We are building a large, detailed archival model of the San Carlos Cathedral in Monterey California in order to show low-cost modeling and photographic methods for documenting cultural heritage and supporting historic preservation. This work includes a case study paper, historical reference materials and a TODO list.

• Altar
• Bell
• Bell Old
• Bench
• Century 19th Model
• Century 19th Model 2
• Chandelier
• Church
• Church Model
• Church Roof
• Lighting Alternatives
• San Carlos Cathedral
• San Carlos Church History

This chapter explores the use of 3D scanners to produce X3D models.

On 22 July 2016, the Web3D Consortium CAD Working Group held our initial workshop at the Web3D 2016 Conference. Participants explored how to achieve a combined X3D Profile for CAD, 3D Printing and 3D Scanning. Much coordinated work has occurred since then.

The following workshop and VR Hackathon were held as part of the Web3D 2017 Conference on 2-7 June 2017 in Brisbane Australia. Activities included Virtual Banana Scanning with original model (1994) and new model (2017) results posted here.

• Hamming Brick Poisson Mesh
• Scanner Metadata Example 33
• Scanner Metadata Example 4
• Virtual Banana Original
• Virtual Banana Reduced
• Virtual Banana Scanned
• X3D Mesh Design Pattern

• Plain Text Hidden Message

About the Artist and Character. Mario R. Nagamura is a Computer Graphics (CG) Artist and Designer working and living in São Paulo, Brazil.

"The lines of my character and simple and draw identification from a broad audience. The child is not specific, but is the child within all of us who dreams, desires and imagines."

This is the Concept Character winner of the contest "Spirit of SIGGRAPH" realized by ACM SIGGRAPH in 2016. They are Pixel (boy) and Bot (robot). People liked them so much, it was really unexpected! Yay!

The The Spirit of SIGGRAPH by Mario Nagamura includes many more images and drawings of Shay D. Pixel. Follow #wherespixel on Twitter!

• Shay D Pixel Bobble Head Box Siggraph 2017
• Shay D Pixel Version 2

Texture mapping maps images to geometry nodes.

• Images can be provided by ImageTexture, MovieTexture or PixelTexture nodes.
• TextureCoordinate and TextureCoordinateGenerator can select image-texture coordinates for direct matching with geometry vertices. Animation can be provided by TexCoordChaser2D and TexCoordDamper2D
• TextureProperties provides precise fine-grained control over application of image textures to geometry.
• TextureTransform shifts 2D texture coordinates for positioning, orienting and scaling image textures on geometry.

Multitexture techniques apply multiple textures to a single set of geometry, enabling a variety of visual effects such as light mapping and environment mapping.

• MultiTexture node can contain multiple ImageTexture, MovieTexture and PixelTexture nodes.
• MultiTextureCoordinate node can contain TextureCoordinate or TextureCoordinateGenerator nodes.
• MultiTextureTransform node contains TextureTransform nodes that correspond to each texture image.

3D texture techniques apply volumetric textures that describe a volume in space, rather than a flat surface.

• ComposedTexture3D, ImageTexture3D and PixelTexture3D define 3D image-based texture maps.
• TextureCoordinate3D and TextureCoordinate4D map 3D textures to vertices.
• TextureTransform3D and TextureTransformMatrix3D apply a 3D transformation to texture coordinates.

• Multi Texture Design Pattern
• Multi Texture Teapot
• Texture Angle Viewer
• Texture Map Comparisons Cylinder
• Texture Map Comparisons Rectangle

"User interface is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators decision-making process. [...] Generally, the goal of human-machine interaction engineering is to produce a user interface which makes it easy (self explanatory), efficient, and enjoyable (user friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the human." [Wikipedia]

"User experience (UX or UE) is a person's emotions and attitudes about using a particular product, system or service. It includes the practical, experiential, affective, meaningful, and valuable aspects of human–computer interaction and product ownership. Additionally, it includes a person's perceptions of system aspects such as utility, ease of use, and efficiency. User experience may be subjective in nature to the degree that it is about individual perception and thought with respect to a product or system. User experience varies dynamically, constantly modifying over time due to changing usage circumstances. Simplified, user experience is about how a user interacts with, and experiences, a product." [Wikipedia]

Presentation: X3D4 Modeling Support for User Experience (UX) (with video passcode Ss6#k@m4) Don Brutzman, Web3D User Experience (Web3DUX) Workshop, Web3D 2020 Symposium, 9-13 November 2020.

Related terms of interest: Graphical user interface (GUI) and Human-computer interaction (HCI).

• Event Monitor Test
• Selectable Text Transparent Box

This chapter will explore the use of computer-graphics visualization techniques in X3D models.

• Background Collection
• Background Cube
• Texture Background Cube